Sustainability of beef depends on the system. Semi-intensive silvopastoral systems use nine times less land area and six times less conserved water per kg beef than widespread feedlot systems (Broom 2019). Highest land use was extensive grazing. https://doi:10.3390/ani9060286

Humans give more protection to sentient animals. Sentience means having the awareness and cognitive ability necessary to have feelings. All vertebrate animals, cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans, are sentient. See paper at: doi: 10.51291/2377-7478.1613

There is only one biology and this fact affects human interactions with other animal species. See paper: doi:10.3390/ani10010043

Animal welfare is a key component of sustainability in all systems where animals are affected. The term welfare is usable for humans and all other animals. See papers at: doi.org/10.1590/S1806-… and doi.org/10.1016/j.appl…

Sustainability: the comprehensive assessment of all components of sustainability is important for scientists and the public. See paper at: doi: 10.1111/brv.12726

Sustainability of beef: the best extensive systems are better than feedlot beef. See paper at: doi: 10.1111/brv.12726

Covid-19 origins: other possible pandemics. There is widespread demand for a new relationship with wild and domestic animals. This paper: doi: 10.1111/brv.12774 considered possible options to reduce risks of further epidemic disease transmission from non-human animals to humans.

Donald M. Broom contributed to an EU online debate on sustainable food production: events.euractiv.com/event/info/med… paper in Biological Reviews at doi: 10.1111/brv.12726

Birds and biodiversity in farm fields declining fast. Agriculture must change.

reut.rs/1zLKtVO Argentina court orang-utan non-human person. Ape not object but best to consider your obligations to all.

At a conference in Santiago today, I heard Chilean scientists, express amazement that the UK government was no longer concerned about animal welfare and did not consider the animals that we use to be sentient. bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09… cabi.org/cabebooks/eboo…