🔥The 9th Round of Easy Loan, Earn $40 Reward is in progress❗️ ⏰ Promotion Period: January 15th - Feburary 15th, 2025 👉 Register now and check more details at gate.io/campaigns/358

The Houthis likely didn’t feel the freedom to freelance a response against Israel. Instead, they were looking to coordinate with Iran. Gregory D. Johnsen agsi.org/analysis/why-t…

GCC economies are expected to grow at a healthy pace in 2025 – in large part because of higher oil production. – Robert Mogielnicki agsi.org/analysis/israe…

Although Chinese state-run refiners have steered clear of Iranian crude – at least publicly – to avoid violating U.S. sanctions, privately owned refineries maintained steady imports. John Calabrese agsi.org/analysis/the-u…

A debilitating strike on a major energy facility in the Gulf or the unlikely event of a major obstruction of the Strait of Hormuz would rattle regional governments’ economic security. – Robert Mogielnicki agsi.org/analysis/israe…

Baghdad’s Financial Squeezing of Kurdistan Undermines U.S. Interests – Yerevan Saeed agsi.org/analysis/baghd…

The profitability of Aramco, the Saudi national oil company, is vital to the health of the government budget and the broader economy. – Tim Callen and Justin Alexander agsi.org/analysis/aramc…

Baghdad is weaponizing economic levers to punish the Kurdistan region for signing energy pacts with U.S. firms and for aligning with President Trump’s commercial diplomacy. – Yerevan Saeed agsi.org/analysis/baghd…

Saudi Arabia and Indonesia sign deals worth $27 billion in clean energy, petrochemicals, and aviation. #GulfEconomicBarometer agsi.org/gulf-economic-…

China’s lowered demand, high stockpiles, and access to alternative suppliers, such as Russia, meant that the shortfalls from reduced Iranian shipments did not create a major supply gap. John Calabrese agsi.org/analysis/the-u…

Sweetening the commercial incentive pot will be easier for the UAE than Saudi Arabia: Emirati officials oversee a smaller population of citizens and strong fiscal position. – Robert Mogielnicki agsi.org/analysis/israe…

Digging into Aramco’s financial statements helps provide greater clarity on the mechanisms through which oil revenue is received by the budget and makes it clear that there is no simple linear relationship between oil prices and government fiscal revenue. – Tim Callen and

A reactivation of Iranian exports under relaxed sanctions could send oil prices tumbling, pressuring OPEC+ to reduce supply and potentially inflicting economic pain on Saudi Arabia and other Gulf producers. John Calabrese agsi.org/analysis/the-u…

Aramco’s payments to the government include royalties, taxes, and dividends (received by all investors). In recent years, dividend payments have increased, and royalty and tax rates have been reduced. – Tim Callen and Justin Alexander agsi.org/analysis/aramc…

Baghdad deepened its economic ties with Beijing, signing major infrastructure and energy contracts with Chinese firms. This move could be seen as a diplomatic rebuke to Washington and a calculated effort to shift Iraq’s economic orbit eastward. Yerevan Saeed

For China, relying more heavily on sanctioned or semisanctioned energy could deepen its strategic dependence on Middle Eastern dynamics and potentially entangle its economy in new geopolitical friction. John Calabrese agsi.org/analysis/the-u…

Aramco started paying dividends to shareholders ahead of its initial public offering, and they have grown in importance as a source of government revenue since. – Tim Callen and Justin Alexander agsi.org/analysis/aramc…

The consequences of Baghdad’s economic pressure have been profoundly detrimental for the Kurdish population. Yerevan Saeed  agsi.org/analysis/baghd…

Whether this moment becomes a hinge point in U.S.-China-Iran energy dynamics, or just another flash of ambiguity in a volatile region, depends on what follows: silence, sanctions, or a subtle but unmistakable shift in flows. John Calabrese agsi.org/analysis/the-u…

Kurdish farmers are seeing their produce spoil at federal checkpoints awaiting clearance, while those in disputed territories, such as Kirkuk, are being denied access to their own lands under flimsy security justifications. Yerevan Saeed agsi.org/analysis/baghd…

If non-oil revenue in 2025 grows in line with nominal non-oil GDP, and government expenditure mirrors the budget estimate, this forecast would imply a budget deficit of $49 billion in 2025 compared to a budget estimate of $27 billion. – Tim Callen and Justin Alexander