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The two galaxies in this Vera Rubin Observatory image are not really interacting. The galaxy on the right (NGC 4411) is about 50 million light-years away from Earth, while its partner on the left (NGC 4411b) is more than 70 million light-years distant.

Today is July 8. #OTD in 1695 mathematical physicist Christiaan Huygens passed away. He founded the wave theory of light, discovered the true shape of the rings of Saturn, and made original contributions to the science of dynamics—the study of the action of forces on bodies.

An ESO image of the planetary nebula NGC 6369, also known as The Little Ghost Nebula.

Today is July 9. #OTD in 1933 neurologist and author Oliver Sacks was born. He explored some of the brain’s strangest pathways in best-selling case histories, using his patients’ disorders as starting points for eloquent meditations on consciousness and the human condition.

The galaxy in this Hubble image, cataloged as AM 0644-741, is a member of the class of so- called "ring galaxies." It lies about 300 million light-years away.

Today is July 10. #OTD in 1856 inventor Nikola Tesla was born. He discovered and patented the rotating magnetic field, the basis of most alternating-current machinery. He also developed the three-phase system of electric power transmission.

A star-formation region, NGC 6357, where radiation from hot, young stars is energizing gas in the cloud that surrounds them. The image contains X-ray data from Chandra Observatory and ROSAT (purple), infrared data from Spitzer (orange), optical data from SuperCosmos Sky Survey (blue).

My virtual (Zoom) talk on GALILEO GALILEI is a week from today-THURSDAY, JULY 17, 6:30PM Eastern time. To register: smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/prog…

Today is July 11, World Population Day. Inspired by 5 Billion Day on July 11, 1987, approximate date on which world's population reached 5 billion people. It aims to increase awareness on various population issues such as family planning, gender equality, poverty, human rights.

The interacting galaxy duo in this Hubble image is collectively called Arp 143. The pair contains the distorted, star-forming spiral galaxy NGC 2445, at right, along with its less flashy companion, NGC 2444, at left.

Today is July 12. #OTD in 1813 physiologist Claude Bernard was born. Known as the father of modern experimental medicine. He made significant contributions to the understanding of digestion, the role of the liver and pancreas, and the regulation of blood supply.

A beautiful ESO image of IC 4406, a planetary nebula with an unusual, almost "rectangular" shape. Its distance is uncertain but probably around 5,000 light-years. IC 4406 belongs to the class of bipolar nebulae.

Today is July 13. #OTD in 1995 NASA's Galileo spacecraft released an atmospheric entry probe when the main spacecraft was about 50 million miles from Jupiter. The probe hit the atmosphere Dec. 7, 1995, and returned valuable data for 58 minutes. Artist's impression.

The galaxy in this ESO image is NGC 4565, which for obvious reasons is also called the Needle Galaxy. It is located some 30 million light-years away.

Today is July 14. #OTD in 2017 mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani passed away. Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, symplectic geometry. Received the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics, 1st woman to win the prize.

A gorgeous NASA Webb Telescope image of the Cat's Paw Nebula, a giant complex molecular cloud named for its resemblance to a set of enormous toe beans.

Today is July 15. Happy birthday to physicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell who, as a doctoral student, discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967.

The nebula and star cluster NGC 456 as seen by Hubble and NASA Webb Telescope .

Today is July 16. Apollo 11 launched #OTD in 1969, and landed on the moon on July 20. The launch took place at 9:32 AM EDT from Kennedy Space Center. The lunar module, Eagle, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin inside, touched down in the Sea of Tranquility at 4:17 PM EDT.

A beautiful ESO image of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1097, which is about 45 million light-years away.