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🧫 Polycystic Liver Disease (PLD): Evolutionary Link to the Von Meyenburg Complex Polycystic Liver Disease (PLD) is characterized by multiple biliary cysts and is considered part of the ductal plate malformation spectrum. A key aspect of its pathology is its relationship with

🔬 CD20 in Thymomas: Aberrant Expression and Diagnostic Pitfalls While CD20 is classically known as a B-cell membrane marker, studies have shown that it can be aberrantly expressed by neoplastic thymic epithelial cells in thymomas — with important diagnostic implications. 🧠

🟢 Phyllodes Tumour of the Breast: What You Need to Know 🟢 📍 Rare, complex, and often mistaken for fibroadenomas. 🔬 Definition Phyllodes tumour is a circumscribed fibroepithelial neoplasm characterized by a prominent intracanalicular architecture, with leaf-like stromal

🟣 Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC): A Rare but Aggressive Skin Cancer 🟣 📍 Also known as primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. 🔬 Definition Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, often presenting as a fast-growing

🧬 Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate – Focus on Small Cell Subtype 🧬 Although rare, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SCNEC) is a highly aggressive variant of prostate cancer, with distinct clinical behavior and therapeutic implications compared to

🔬 Warthin tumour 📌 Benign salivary gland tumour characterized by bilayered oncocytic epithelium and lymphoid stroma. 🧾 Definition (WHO 5th ed.) Benign neoplasm composed of ductal, papillary, and cystic structures lined by bilayered oncocytic epithelium, supported by a

🔬 Pulmonary Hamartoma 📌 The most common benign pulmonary tumor, composed of mature mesenchymal tissue and entrapped respiratory epithelium. 🧾 Definition (WHO 5th ed.) Pulmonary hamartomas are benign mesenchymal neoplasms composed of at least two types of mesenchymal elements

🔬 Head and Neck Paraganglioma 📌 Rare, non-epithelial neuroendocrine tumour derived from parasympathetic paraganglia. 🧾 Definition (WHO 5th ed.): Paragangliomas of the head and neck are neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from paraganglionic cells of the autonomic nervous system,

🔬 Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (DSV-PTC) DSV-PTC is a rare and aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), characterized by distinct clinical, morphological, and molecular features. Despite its locally invasive behavior, overall

🧠 Choroid Plexus Papilloma (CPP) 📌 A benign neoplasm that can still have significant clinical impact Choroid plexus papilloma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system, classified as WHO CNS5 Grade 1 (2021) due to its indolent behavior. It arises from the choroid plexus

🧬 APOCRINE CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST: A DISTINCT AND RARE SUBTYPE Carcinoma with apocrine differentiation is a rare form of invasive breast cancer, accounting for approximately 1% of cases. It is characterized by large cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, enlarged

🦠 KAPOSI SARCOMA (KS): AN HHV8-ASSOCIATED VASCULAR NEOPLASM Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a locally aggressive vascular proliferation caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). It typically presents with multiple purplish cutaneous lesions, but may also involve mucosal surfaces, lymph

🧑‍⚕️ WHO WAS MORITZ KAPOSI? Ever wondered who gave the name to Kaposi sarcoma? 🎩 Moritz Kaposi (1837–1902) was a Hungarian physician and one of the founders of modern dermatopathology. Born Moritz Kohn, he later changed his surname to Kaposi (after his hometown Kaposvár,

🩸 CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA (CHL) 🧬 Definition A neoplasm derived from germinal center B cells, characterized by a low proportion of neoplastic cells (Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells) within a reactive microenvironment rich in lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils. 📍

🧠 ADULT CYSTIC NEPHROMA 🩺 A rare, benign renal tumor with distinctive pathological features Adult cystic nephroma is a benign, multicystic renal neoplasm with a peculiar histogenesis and indolent clinical behavior. It is now considered a distinct entity from pediatric cystic

🔬 Pigmented Neurofibroma with Wagner–Meissner-like Bodies: a subtle but relevant histological clue Pigmented diffuse neurofibroma is a rare variant of peripheral nerve sheath tumors, characterized by: ✔️ A diffuse proliferation pattern of Schwann cells ✔️ Presence of

🧬 Tuberculous Chronic Endometritis: A Rare but Clinically Significant Diagnosis Tuberculous endometritis is a manifestation of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB). Though uncommon, it carries important clinical implications, especially in cases of: 🔹 Unexplained infertility 🔹

🫁 Tuberculous Cavities: From Laennec’s Autopsies to Modern Radiology 🧠 Historical insight In the early 19th century, René Laennec, the inventor of the stethoscope, was among the first physicians to meticulously describe pulmonary cavities during autopsies of patients who had