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Just seven countries—the United States, China, Russia, India, Japan, United Kingdom, and Germany—account for half of all anthropogenic #NOX emissions since 1750. spr.ly/6016Fo7w6

Beginning in 2007 #methane concentrations rose sharply and evidence indicates that #wetlands, and especially tropical wetlands, are driving part of that increase. #ClimateChange spr.ly/60152Hv9z

Recent rising atmospheric #methane concentrations coincide with an abrupt shift in the stable isotopic signature of methane that signals a relative shift in the sources of that methane towards biogenic sources such #wetlands. spr.ly/60142HvA6

In the early 20th century, the #oil reserve/production ratio in the US was 40:1. The ratio declined to 10:1 in the 1960s. Companies stopped investing in new infrastructure that would not pay off until decades into the future spr.ly/60102Z4K0

The #oil reserve/production ratios for Venezuela, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and other oil rich nations are massive compared to the US. These countries have numerous incentives and opportunities to inflate their reported #oilreserves. spr.ly/60132ZNAS

Sources of #carbonmonoxide emissions mirror the major #energytransitions. Prior to the Industrial Revolution the combustion of #biomass was the major source. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, emissions from coal and then oil increased rapidly. spr.ly/60102WA3w

~10% of #carbonmonoxide emissions are so-called #fugitiveemissions from solid fuels. These are unplanned releases of carbon monoxide that escape during the production, processing, transport, storage, or use of solid fuels like #coal, charcoal, or biomass. spr.ly/60192W7q3

EU expenditure on #environmentalprotection ranged between 0.2% and 1.5% of GDP in 2023. The total expenditure was €142 billion (0.8% of GDP) in 2023. Greece and the Netherlands devoted the highest ratio of GDP to environmental protection (both 1.5%). spr.ly/6015NGveJ

Liquid fuels derived from #crude occupy a uniquely advantageous position: a combination of high mass and volumetric energy density. Explains why motor #gasoline and #diesel fuel replaced wood and #coal in applications such as transportation. spr.ly/6015Ngocx

Global emissions of #ammonia tripled between 1960 and 2022. The majority of this increase occurred in #agriculture (#manure and #fertilizers). Billions are sustained by this food. Ammonia is also a major pollutant degrading human and ecosystem health: spr.ly/6012NtIUI

Higher #energyefficiency, higher quality of new sources, and the development of markets for new energy services combined to lower the price of energy services over the long haul, even when energy prices were rising. spr.ly/6012487vp

Anthropogenic #carbondioxide emissions increased from about 9,000 kilotons in 1750 to approximately 36 million tons in 2022—a 4,000-fold increase. #climatechange spr.ly/60184yT3Y

In the first half of the 20th century, there was a dramatic shift in #carbondioxide emissions from #coal to liquid fuels derived from oil, reflecting the increase in demand for transportation services to move people and goods. spr.ly/60114yTTl #climatechange

“Norway is the undisputed king of electric vehicles,” IGS Director Benjamin Sovacool tells Rod McCullom of Undark Magazine. Almost 90% of cars sold in Norway in 2024 were fully #electric. There's a lot the US could learn: spr.ly/60124JSii

4000+ #hydroelectric dams have been built in the US since the late 19th century. They range from ~100 kW to 6809 MW Grand Coulee Dam in Washington. #Hydropower represents ~6% of all-time additions to electric generation capacity from all sources. spr.ly/60184n2AE

Russia has more than a trillion dollars in #naturalgas wealth, but its ability to capitalize on that asset was dramatically reduced when European customers enacted important bans or curtailments in its invasion of Ukraine in 2022. spr.ly/60174jsQW

Countries such as China measure their #FossilFuel wealth in trillions of dollars. The constant $ value of fossil fuel assets increased by a factor of 2 to 3 in many nations from 1995 through ~2015 due to increasing energy reserves & rising #EnergyPrices. spr.ly/60154jsS9

Texas (by a country mile), Oklahoma, and Iowa lead the nation in all-time installed #windenergy capacity. spr.ly/60144YEjy

If Texas were a country, its approximately 40 gigawatts (GW) of installed #windenergy capacity in 2024 would place it fifth in the world. spr.ly/60174YE9V

Some #oilspills live in environmental infamy. A few massive accidents receive less attention. The Lakeview oil gusher (1910-1911) released 100,000 barrels of oil per day at its peak, creating rivers and small lakes of oil for 18 months in Kern County, CA. spr.ly/60194sGPH